V-22 Osprey

he Bell Boeing V-22 Osprey is an American multi-mission, tiltrotor military aircraft with both vertical takeoff and landing (VTOL) and short takeoff and landing (STOL) capabilities. It is designed to combine the functionality of a conventional helicopter with the long-range, high-speed cruise performance of a turboprop aircraft. The V-22 is operated by the United States and Japan, and is not only a new aircraft design, but a new type of aircraft that entered service in the 2000s, a tiltrotor compared to fixed wing and helicopter designs. The V-22 first flew in 1988 and after a long development was fielded in 2007. The design essentially combines the vertical takeoff ability of a helicopter, but the range of a fixed-wing airplane.

The failure of Operation Eagle Claw in 1980 during the Iran hostage crisis underscored that there were military roles for which neither conventional helicopters nor fixed-wing transport aircraft were well-suited. The United States Department of Defense (DoD) initiated a program to develop an innovative transport aircraft with long-range, high-speed, and vertical-takeoff capabilities, and the Joint-service Vertical take-off/landing Experimental (JVX) program officially began in 1981. A partnership between Bell Helicopter and Boeing Helicopters was awarded a development contract in 1983 for the V-22 tiltrotor aircraft. The Bell-Boeing team jointly produces the aircraft.[3] The V-22 first flew in 1989 and began flight testing and design alterations; the complexity and difficulties of being the first tiltrotor for military service led to many years of development.

The United States Marine Corps (USMC) began crew training for the MV-22B Osprey in 2000 and fielded it in 2007; it supplemented and then replaced their Boeing Vertol CH-46 Sea Knights. The U.S. Air Force (USAF) fielded its version of the tiltrotor, the CV-22B, in 2009. Since entering service with the Marine Corps and Air Force, the Osprey has been deployed in transportation and medevac operations over Iraq, Afghanistan, Libya, and Kuwait. The U.S. Navy began using the CMV-22B for carrier onboard delivery duties in 2021.

V-22 Osprey CHARACTERISTICS

Crew: 3–4 (pilot, copilot and 1 or 2 flight engineers/crew chiefs/loadmasters/gunners)
Capacity:
24 troops (seated), 32 troops (floor loaded), or
20,000 pounds (9,100 kg) of internal cargo, or up to 15,000 pounds (6,800 kg) of external cargo (dual hook)
1× M1161 Growler light internally transportable ground vehicle[298][299]
Length: 57 ft 4 in (17.48 m) Length folded: 62 ft 7.6 in (19.091 m)
Wingspan: 45 ft 10 in (13.97 m)
Width: 84 ft 6.8 in (25.776 m) including rotors
Width folded: 18 ft 5 in (5.61 m)
Height: 22 ft 1 in (6.73 m) engine nacelles vertical;
17 ft 7.8 in (5 m) to top of tailfins
Height folded: 18 ft 1 in (5.51 m)
Wing area: 301.4 sq ft (28.00 m2)
Empty weight: 31,818 lb (14,432 kg)
Operating weight, empty: 32,623 lb (14,798 kg)
Gross weight: 39,500 lb (17,917 kg)
Combat weight: 42,712 lb (19,374 kg)
Maximum take-off weight VTO: 47,500 lb (21,546 kg)
Maximum take-off weight STO: 55,000 lb (24,948 kg)
Maximum take-off weight STO, ferry: 60,500 lb (27,442 kg)
Fuel capacity: Ferry maximum: 4,451 US gal (3,706 imp gal; 16,850 L) of JP-4 / JP-5 / JP-8 to MIL-T-5624
Powerplant: 2 × Rolls-Royce T406-AD-400 turboprop/turboshaft engines, 6,150 hp (4,590 kW) each maximum at 15,000 rpm at sea level, 59 °F (15 °C)
5,890 hp (4,392 kW) maximum continuous at 15,000 rpm at sea level, 59 °F (15 °C)
Main rotor diameter: 2 × 38 ft (12 m)
Main rotor area: 2,268 sq ft (210.7 m2) 3-bladed
Performance

Maximum speed: 275 kn (316 mph, 509 km/h) [300]
305 kn (565 km/h; 351 mph) at 15,000 ft (4,600 m)[301]
Stall speed: 110 kn (130 mph, 200 km/h) [76]
Range: 879 nmi (1,012 mi, 1,628 km)
Combat range: 390 nmi (450 mi, 720 km)
Ferry range: 2,230 nmi (2,570 mi, 4,130 km)
Service ceiling: 25,000 ft (7,600 m)
g limits: +4 max / -1 min
Maximum glide ratio: 4.5:1[76]
Rate of climb: 2,320–4,000 ft/min (11.8–20.3 m/s) [76]
Wing loading: 20.9 lb/sq ft (102 kg/m2) at 47,500 lb (21,546 kg)
Power/mass: 0.259 hp/lb (0.426 kW/kg)
Armament
1 × 7.62 mm (.308 in) M240 machine gun or .50 in (12.7 mm) M2 Browning machine gun on ramp, removable
1 × 7.62 mm (.308 in) GAU-17 minigun, belly-mounted, retractable, video remote control in the Remote Guardian System [optional][135][302]
Avionics
AN/ARC-182 VHF/UHF radio
KY-58 VHF/UHF encryption
ANDVT HF encryption
AN/AAR-47 Missile Approach Warning System
AN/AYK-14 Mission Computers
APQ-168 Multifunction radar
Directional Infrared Counter Measures (DIRCM)[303]

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